Bangor is a city with a rich history that stretches back thousands of years. From its early days as a home to the Penobscot people to its growth into a bustling city, Bangor has seen it all. This journey through time will take you through the key moments that have shaped Bangor into what it is today.
Key Takeaways
- Bangor was originally inhabited by the Penobscot people for over 11,000 years.
- European settlers began arriving in the 1500s, with significant exploration starting in the 1600s.
- The city played a role in the Revolutionary War, with local militias participating in key battles.
- Bangor experienced significant growth during the Industrial Revolution, particularly in the lumber and railroad industries.
- The Great Fire of 1911 was a pivotal event, leading to a major rebuilding and architectural revival in the city.
Early Beginnings and Indigenous Heritage
The Penobscot People
The Penobscot people have lived in the area around present-day Bangor for at least 11,000 years. They practiced some agriculture, but mostly relied on hunting and gathering. The Penobscot still occupy tribal land on the nearby Penobscot Indian Island Reservation.
European Exploration
Contact with Europeans began in the 1500s due to the lucrative fur trade. The first European known to explore the area was Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese navigator, in 1524. Frenchman Samuel de Champlain followed in 1605. The Jesuits established a mission on Penobscot Bay in 1609.
Early Settlements
In 1769, Jacob Buswell founded a settlement at the site. By 1772, there were 12 families, along with a sawmill, store, and school. By 1787, the population had grown to 567. The area was known as Sunbury or Kenduskeag Plantation until it was incorporated as Bangor in 1791.
Colonial Conflicts and Growth
French and British Rivalry
During the 1600s, the area around Bangor was a hotbed of conflict between the French and British. The French established a Jesuit mission on Penobscot Bay in 1609, which was part of the French colony of Acadia. This region remained contested for many years, making it one of the last areas to become part of New England. The rivalry between these two European powers shaped much of Bangor’s early history.
The Jesuit Mission
The Jesuits played a significant role in the early history of Bangor. They set up a mission in 1609, aiming to convert the local Penobscot people to Christianity. This mission was part of the broader French effort to establish a foothold in the region. The Jesuits’ presence added another layer to the already complex relationships between the indigenous people and European settlers.
Formation of Bangor
The beginning of the known history of Bangor began in 1769 when Jacob Buswell founded a settlement at the site. By 1772, there were 12 families, along with a sawmill, store, and school. The settlement grew rapidly, and by 1787, the population had reached 567. Initially known as Sunbury or Kenduskeag Plantation, it was incorporated as Bangor in 1791. This period marked the transition from a small settlement to a burgeoning town, setting the stage for future growth.
Bangor in the Revolutionary War
Local Militia and Battles
During the Revolutionary War, Bangor saw significant action. The local militia played a crucial role in defending the area. In 1779, the Penobscot Expedition, a major naval operation, ended in disaster when American forces were defeated by the British. Ten American ships were scuttled in the Penobscot River, and their remains were not discovered until the late 1950s during the construction of the Joshua Chamberlain Bridge.
Impact on the Community
The war had a profound impact on the community. Many families were affected by the loss of loved ones and the destruction of property. The local economy also suffered as trade routes were disrupted. Despite these challenges, the people of Bangor showed resilience and determination.
Post-War Recovery
After the war, Bangor began to rebuild and recover. The community came together to restore what had been lost. New businesses were established, and the town slowly regained its economic footing. The spirit of cooperation and determination helped Bangor emerge stronger from the war’s aftermath.
Industrial Revolution and Economic Expansion
Lumber Industry Boom
During the 19th century, Bangor became a bustling hub for the lumber industry. The Penobscot River was key to this boom, as logs were transported downriver to the city’s sawmills. By 1860, Bangor was the world’s largest lumber port, with over 150 sawmills operating along the river. Bangor shipped over 150 million board feet of lumber annually, much of it in locally built ships. This industry not only fueled the local economy but also led to the construction of grand homes and churches, earning Bangor the nickname "The Queen City of the East."
Railroad Development
The arrival of the railroad was another significant milestone in Bangor’s economic expansion. Local investors funded a train route to Aroostook County, opening up new areas for settlement and commerce. The railroad also facilitated the transport of goods, making Bangor a crucial link between the port city of Halifax and the rest of Canada. Despite its potential, the Halifax-to-New York railroad never fully realized its promise, but it did contribute to the city’s growth.
Ironworks and Inventions
Bangor’s Hinkley & Egery Ironworks, later known as Union Ironworks, was a center for innovation during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The ironworks produced a new type of steam engine called the "Endeavor," which won a gold medal at the New York Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1856. In the 1920s, Union Iron Works engineer Don A. Sargent invented the first automotive snow plow, which was manufactured for a national market. This spirit of innovation helped Bangor thrive during the Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution transformed Bangor from a small town into a bustling city, driven by the lumber industry, railroad development, and innovative ironworks. This period of economic expansion laid the foundation for the modern city we know today.
Cultural and Social Life in the 19th Century
Hotels and Inns
In the 19th century, Bangor was home to several notable hotels and inns. These establishments were more than just places to stay; they were social hubs where people gathered for various events. One such place was the International Hotel on High Street, which was a popular spot for both locals and visitors.
Social Gatherings and Events
Bangor was a lively town with numerous social gatherings and events. The Crawfordsburn Country Club, for example, hosted activities like table tennis, badminton, and fancy dress dances. Formal dinners with interesting speakers were also common, making it a vibrant community center. Anti-slavery meetings were held in Bangor in 1846 and 1851, featuring famous orators like Frederick Douglass and Reverend Henry Highland Garnet.
Notable Visitors
The town attracted many notable visitors during the 19th century. Miss Eliza Johnston, who ran various hospitality establishments, was a well-known figure. Bangor’s social scene was enriched by these visitors, who often participated in local events and gatherings.
The 19th century was a time of significant social and cultural activity in Bangor, making it a lively and engaging place to live and visit.
Bangor’s Maritime Heritage
Shipbuilding Industry
Bangor’s shipbuilding industry was a cornerstone of its economy in the 19th century. The city was known for constructing a variety of vessels, from small fishing boats to large ocean-going ships. One notable ship was the first ocean-going iron-hulled steamship in the U.S., named The Bangor. Built in 1844, it was intended to ferry passengers between Bangor and Boston. Unfortunately, it burned to the waterline on its second voyage but was later rebuilt and used in the Mexican-American War.
Notable Ships and Voyages
Bangor-built ships were renowned for their quality and durability. These ships were not only used locally but also sailed to distant ports, including the Caribbean and California during the Gold Rush. The city’s shipyards were bustling with activity, producing vessels that contributed significantly to Bangor’s maritime legacy.
Harbor Development
The development of Bangor’s harbor was crucial for its maritime activities. The harbor facilitated the export of various goods, including lumber, bricks, leather, and even ice. Despite some disadvantages, such as the port freezing during winter, Bangor managed to thrive. The harbor was a hub of activity, with ships constantly arriving and departing, making it a vital part of the city’s economy.
Explore Maine’s historic seafaring communities through art, objects, photos, and hands-on exhibits — online and in person at the Penobscot Marine Museum.
The Great Fires and Rebuilding
Major Fires of the 19th Century
Bangor faced several devastating fires in the 19th century. Major fires struck the downtown area in 1856, 1869, and 1872. These fires caused significant damage, but the community’s resilience shone through as they rebuilt each time. The fire of 1872 led to the construction of the Adams-Pickering Block, a notable architectural addition to the city.
The Great Fire of 1911
The Great Fire of 1911 was a turning point for Bangor. This catastrophic event destroyed a large portion of the city, including the high school, post office, public library, and nearly a hundred businesses. The fire razed 285 private residences over a total of 55 acres. Despite the extensive damage, the community came together to rebuild. The reconstruction brought a diverse range of architectural styles to Bangor, making it a showplace for designs like Mansard, Beaux Arts, Greek Revival, and Colonial Revival.
Architectural Revival
After the Great Fire of 1911, Bangor underwent an architectural revival. The rebuilding process transformed the city, incorporating various architectural styles that are still admired today. This period of reconstruction not only restored the city’s infrastructure but also enhanced its cultural and historical significance. The rebuilt area is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Great Fire of 1911 Historic District.
The resilience and determination of Bangor’s community in the face of such devastating fires highlight the city’s enduring spirit and commitment to preserving its heritage.
Modernization and Urban Development
Pulp and Paper Industry
Bangor’s modernization began with the rise of the pulp and paper industry. This industry became a cornerstone of the local economy, providing jobs and boosting the city’s growth. The mills processed vast amounts of timber, turning it into paper products that were shipped across the country.
Urban Renewal Projects
In the late 1960s, Bangor underwent significant urban renewal. Unfortunately, the destruction of downtown landmarks like the old city hall and train station is now seen as a mistake. This led to a decline in the city center, which was further accelerated by the construction of the Bangor Mall in 1978. However, downtown Bangor began to recover in the 1990s, with bookstores, cafés, galleries, and museums filling once-vacant storefronts. The recent redevelopment of the city’s waterfront has also helped refocus cultural life in the historic center.
Transportation Advances
Bangor’s location has always been strategic, situated between Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the rest of Canada. Despite early efforts to establish a Halifax-to-New York railroad, commerce never fully realized its potential. More recent attempts to build an East-West Highway through Maine have also fallen short. However, Bangor remains a key transportation hub, with ongoing improvements in road, rail, and air travel enhancing connectivity and supporting economic growth.
Bangor’s Role in the World Wars
World War I Contributions
During World War I, Bangor played a significant role in supporting the war effort. The local community came together to provide resources and manpower. Many young men from Bangor enlisted in the military, and the city saw a surge in patriotic activities. Local businesses also contributed by producing goods needed for the war.
World War II Efforts
World War II had a profound impact on Bangor. On National Draft Day, 3,157 local men registered to serve, showing the community’s strong commitment to the war effort. The city also developed Dow Field, which became a crucial military base. Nearly 6,000 servicemen and women from Bangor served in various capacities during the war.
Memorials and Remembrances
After the wars, Bangor honored its veterans and fallen heroes through various memorials and ceremonies. The community continues to remember and celebrate the sacrifices made by its citizens. Annual events and memorials serve as a reminder of Bangor’s significant contributions during these challenging times.
Natural Beauty and Recreation
Parks and Green Spaces
Bangor is home to many beautiful parks and green spaces. One of the most popular spots is the Bangor City Forest, where visitors can enjoy walking, biking, and bird-watching. Another favorite is Cascade Park, known for its lovely waterfall and picnic areas. These parks offer a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of city life.
Outdoor Activities
For those who love the outdoors, Bangor has plenty to offer. The Penobscot River is perfect for kayaking and fishing. In the winter, the city transforms into a wonderland with opportunities for snowshoeing and cross-country skiing. Bangor’s natural beauty makes it a great place for outdoor enthusiasts.
Scenic Landmarks
Bangor boasts several scenic landmarks that are worth a visit. The Thomas Hill Standpipe offers panoramic views of the city and surrounding areas. Another must-see is the Mount Hope Cemetery, one of the oldest garden cemeteries in the country. These landmarks provide a glimpse into Bangor’s rich history and stunning landscapes.
Whether you’re a local or a visitor, Bangor’s parks, outdoor activities, and scenic landmarks offer something for everyone to enjoy.
Educational and Cultural Institutions
Bangor University
Bangor University is a cornerstone of higher education in the region. Founded in 1884, it offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs. The university is known for its strong emphasis on research and community engagement. Students from all over the world come to study here, making it a vibrant and diverse place.
Museums and Galleries
Bangor is home to several notable museums and galleries. The University of Maine Museum of Art features a variety of contemporary and classic art pieces. The Maine Discovery Museum, a major children’s museum, offers interactive exhibits that are both fun and educational. These institutions play a crucial role in enriching the community’s cultural life.
Cultural Festivals
The city hosts numerous cultural festivals throughout the year. These events celebrate everything from local art and music to food and history. They provide a platform for local artists and performers to showcase their talents. The community engages with art through these festivals, making them a highlight of Bangor’s cultural scene.
Bangor’s cultural institutions are not just places to visit; they are integral parts of the community, offering educational and recreational opportunities for all ages.
Conclusion
Bangor is a city rich in history and culture, with stories that span centuries. From its early days as a settlement to its growth as a hub for industry and trade, Bangor has always been a place of significance. Visitors and residents alike can appreciate the beautiful landscapes, historical landmarks, and the warm community spirit that defines this unique city. Whether you’re exploring its past or enjoying its present, Bangor offers a journey through time that is both educational and enjoyable. We hope this glimpse into Bangor’s historical highlights has inspired you to discover more about this fascinating city.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who were the first people to live in Bangor?
The Penobscot People were the first to live in the Bangor area. They have been there for thousands of years.
What European explorers first came to Bangor?
The first European known to explore the area was Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese navigator in the 1520s. Samuel de Champlain from France also explored the region in 1605.
When was Bangor officially founded?
Bangor was officially founded in 1791, although settlers began arriving in the area in the late 1700s.
What industries helped Bangor grow in the 19th century?
The lumber industry was a major factor in Bangor’s growth. The city also became known for shipbuilding, railroads, and ironworks.
How did Bangor contribute during the Revolutionary War?
Local militia from Bangor participated in battles, and the community was significantly impacted by the war. After the war, the town worked hard to recover.
What was the Great Fire of 1911?
The Great Fire of 1911 was a massive fire that destroyed many buildings in Bangor, including homes, businesses, and public buildings. The city was rebuilt with various architectural styles.
What role did Bangor play in the World Wars?
During World War I and II, Bangor contributed through local efforts, including manufacturing and providing troops. Memorials in the city honor those who served.
What recreational activities are popular in Bangor?
Bangor offers many outdoor activities like hiking, fishing, and visiting parks and scenic landmarks. The city is known for its natural beauty.
Recent Posts
Ann Arbor is a city rich in history and culture, offering a variety of museums and historic sites that cater to all interests. From interactive science exhibits to ancient artifacts, there's...
Ann Arbor is a fantastic place to spend an evening, with plenty to see and do. Whether you love live music, dancing, or simply enjoying a good meal, this city has something special for you. Let's...